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Theory of Operation
STRIPING DISK DRIVES
Data stripes from each drive
are interleaved to create one logical drive.
Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3 Disk 4
1
5
9
13
2
6
10
14
3
7
11
15
4
8
12
16
By striping the drives in the array with stripes large enough so that each
record falls entirely within one stripe, most records can be evenly
distributed across all drives. This keeps all drives in the array busy during
heavy load situations. This situation allows all drives to work concurrently
on different I/O operations, and thus maximize the number of
simultaneous I/O operations that can be performed by the array.
Definition of RAID Levels
RAID 0 is typically defined as a group of striped disk drives without parity
or data redundancy. RAID 0 arrays can be configured with large stripes for
multi-user environments or small stripes for single-user systems that
access long sequential records. RAID 0 arrays deliver the best data
storage efficiency and performance of any array type. The disadvantage is
that if one drive in a RAID 0 array fails, the entire array fails.
RAID 0
Non-Redundant Striped Array
Writes can occur simultaneously on every drive.
Reads can occur simultaneously on every drive.
DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA
- USER’S MANUAL 1
- FCC Statement 3
- VCCI Statement 3
- Limited Product Warranty 4
- Release Notes 6
- Technical Support 6
- Table of Contents 7
- SmartRAID V User’s Manual 14
- Read This First! 15
- About the Documentation 16
- Installation Roadmap 17
- What’s In the Box? 19
- Safety Information 20
- Working with Electricity 21
- About Your New Controller 23
- Product List 25
- Product Feature Overview 26
- non-parity memory 28
- transfer 29
- Model Description 31
- SM4050-16 16 MB ECC SIMM 31
- SM4050-64 64 MB ECC SIMM 31
- SmartRAID V Controller LEDs 33
- Cache Status LEDs 34
- Audible Alarm 35
- C HAPTER 3: 37
- Installation Overview 38
- Configuration 39
- Configuring SCSI Termination 40
- = Terminated 41
- Configuring Device IDs 42
- Installation 43
- Installing SIMMs 47
- Installing DIMMs 49
- Installing the Controller 51
- Controller IRQ and Address 52
- NVRAM Reset 53
- Server 1 Server 2 56
- Shared Storage 56
- Shared SCSI bus* 56
- Storage Manager on ROM 57
- Overview 58
- Keyboard Reference 59
- Menu Reference 60
- Icon Reference 60
- Screen Layout 61
- The Left Pane – Tree View 62
- Running SMOR 64
- O BIOS Settings 65
- Controller Information Tab 67
- Host Bus: 68
- Bus Type 68
- Transfer 68
- Attached Modules: 68
- HBA Configuration Tab 69
- Device Information 71
- SCSI Capabilities 72
- Identification 74
- Setting the Configuration 75
- Array Operations 76
- Creating a Parity Group 78
- Deleting an Array 79
- Formatting a Drive 80
- Managing Controller Firmware 81
- Upgrading Firmware 81
- Windows NT 4.0 86
- Installing a New System 87
- Upgrading an Existing System 89
- Adding to an Existing System 89
- (Microsoft OSM) 90
- DEVICE=I2ODDL.SYS 92
- DEVICE=DPTCDROM.SYS 92
- Installing Windows 95 93
- (OEM SR2 – Version 950b) 93
- 98 Configuration 95
- (Upgrade Version) 96
- SCO UnixWare 7 99
- Novell NetWare 101
- NetWare 4.2 – Boot Controller 104
- NetWare 5.0 – Boot Controller 106
- Red Hat Linux 108
- Red Hat Linux 5.2 and 6.0 109
- Red Hat Linux 6.1 109
- ./install 111
- ./dptmgr 111
- Software Installation 112
- Storage Manager 113
- Introduction 114
- System Requirements 114
- Running Storage Manager 115
- Physical Configuration View 116
- Logical Configuration View 118
- Logical Device Address 119
- Information Windows 122
- Battery Backup Configuration 123
- Initial Calibration (BB4050) 124
- HBA Configuration 125
- Flash Configuration 127
- Device Information Window 129
- Caching Configuration 130
- Array Groups 131
- Creating an Array Group 134
- Naming an Array Group 136
- Dynamic Array Expansion 136
- Requirements and Restrictions 137
- Expanding an Array Group 138
- Deleting an Array Group 140
- Event Logging 142
- Event Notification 143
- Pager Event Messaging 145
- Broadcasters 146
- Installing the Broadcaster 147
- Viewing Events 147
- Broadcaster for Windows NT 148
- Formatting Drives 150
- Drive Failures 151
- Rebuilding a Degraded Array 152
- Hot Spares 153
- Background Task Priority 155
- I/O Statistics 156
- Total Commands 157
- SCSI Bus Resets 157
- Remote Communication 160
- Client Workstations 161
- Setting up the Server 163
- SCO UNIX 164
- Connecting to Remote Systems 165
- Making a Manual Connection 166
- Using the Phonebook 167
- Using a Custom Connection 168
- Theory of Operation 169
- Intelligent RAID Controllers 170
- Intelligent I/O 171
- Benefits 171
- I O Split Driver Architecture 172
- Disk Caching 174
- Software and Hardware Caching 175
- Elevator Sorting 176
- DISK WRITES 177
- Predictive Caching Algorithms 178
- Pre-Fetch 179
- Caching Host Reads 180
- Disk Striping 181
- Definition of RAID Levels 182
- Mirrored Arrays 183
- Parallel Array with Parity 184
- Dual-Level RAID 186
- Creating Data Redundancy 187
- Handling I/O Errors 188
- Degraded Mode 189
- SmartRAID V Architecture 190
- Command Processing 191
- Command Overlapping 191
- Command Queuing 192
- Auto Request Sense 192
- Byte/Word Alignment 192
- Scatter/Gather 192
- On-Board Microprocessor 194
- SCSI Interface 194
- Logical Unit Numbers (LUN) 195
- Bridge Controllers 195
- Commands and Messages 195
- Disconnect/Reconnect 195
- Multi-Mode SCSI 197
- Wide SCSI 197
- SCSI Transfer Rate 197
- Cabling Single-Ended SCSI 198
- Cabling Ultra2 (LVD) SCSI 200
- SCSI Termination 201
- Copyright 1996-99 204
- All Rights Reserved 204
- Assembly Drawings 205
- PM3755U2B 207
- PM3754U2 208
- RA4050 RAID Accelerator 215
- BB4050 Battery Module 216
- Troubleshooting 217
- PATTERN MEANING 219
- 7, 6, 5, 2, 1 None 219
- 7, 6, 5, 3, 1 High 219
- 7, 6, 5, 3, 2 Mismatch 219
- 7, 6, 5, 3, 2, 1 Invalid 219
- Vector xx is private 220
- Specifications 225
- DC Power Requirements 226
- Environmental Specifications 227
- A PPENDIX D: 229
- Management Console 231
- DPT MIB Information 231
- What’s Included 234
- Operating System Comments 235
- Windows 95/98 235
- Operation 237
- SNMP Software Overview 237
- DPT SNMP Sub-Agent 238
- Glossary 241
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